7 Steps to Getting Enough Sleep in College

7 Steps to Getting Enough Sleep in College Theres a reason most college students sleep in whenever they have the chance: theyre exhausted, sleep-deprived, and in desperate need of some sleep at any given time. And yet, finding time to sleep in college can be quite challenging. Sleep is often the first thing to get cut when stress levels and workloads pile up. So just how can you find time to sleep in college? 7 Steps to Getting Enough Sleep in College Step #1: Do your best to make sure you get a certain amount every night. This one is admittedly common sense, but theres a reason why its listed first. If you get 7 hours on Monday, 2 hours on Tuesday, etc., this pattern can wreak havoc on your bodys (and minds) ability to really rest and recover as you sleep. Getting a decent and consistent amount of sleep each night is your best bet for not feeling exhausted during your entire 4 (or 5 or 6) years of college. Try to set up a sleep pattern that works for your schedule and do your best to stick to it. Step #2:  Take naps. The reality of college life, of course, often gets in the way of the previous suggestion. So what can you do? Take naps, whether they be 20-minute power naps or a nice, 2-hour nap between classes in the afternoon. The sleep will let you rest and recover while still allowing you to take on the remainder of your day. Step #3:  Exercise. Besides keeping you healthy, exercise helps you sleep better. While your schedule may be packed, finding time to exercise is easier than you think and can definitely help increase your energy level and decrease your exhaustion. Step #4:  Eat well. Also in the I know I should do that, but ... category, eating well can help make your sleep more restful and productive. Think about how you feel if you eat a good breakfast, a healthy lunch, and a not-too-crazy dinner. Eating well makes during your waking hours, and the same applies to your sleeping hours. Healthier meals really do mean healthier sleep. Choose wisely! Step #5:  Dont pull all-nighters. Yes, the dreaded all-nighter is a rite of passage for many, if not most, college students. Yet they are positively dreadful on your body (and mind and spirit and everything else). Do your best to figure out how not to procrastinate in the first place so you dont have to pull all-nighters during your time in school. Step #6:  Make sure your sleep is restful. Falling asleep with the TV on, the lights on, your roommates music on, and tons of people popping in and out all night may look like a normal night for you but it is not a normal and healthy way to get restful sleep each night. Sleeping in a non-restful environment can sometimes leave you feeling more sleepy than refreshed in the morning, so do your best to make sure that when you go to sleep you can actually, you know, sleep. Step #7:  Watch your caffeine intake. College life requires a lot of energy which sometimes means that students walk around drinking coffee all day, every day. But that cup of coffee you drank after dinner may very well keep you up until breakfast tomorrow. Try to avoid having too much caffeine  during the later hours of the day so that you can actually rest (instead of fight the last of your caffeine buzz) when you finally go to sleep at night.

Summary of the course Essay Example

Summary of the course Essay Example Summary of the course Essay Summary of the course Essay Summary of the course Name: Course: Date: Summary of the course Human Resource management can be described as the management of an organization’s personnel. It entails the activities, policies and practices used in selecting, recruiting, utilizing, developing, remunerating, evaluating, maintaining and appraising an organization’s valuable labor force in order to keep the firm, productive and growing. Owing to increased diversity in the way companies are managed, the scope of human resources has expanded to involve the management and development of a company’s talent, takeovers and consolidation, planning of succession within the company, multiculturalism and involvement in terms of value and practice. One of the basic duties of a human resource manager is the designing of jobs, based on the needs of the organization pertaining to the tasks it requires accomplished to realize certain goals. The question that needs to be answered is, â€Å"What needs to be done for the company to develop product X and gain from the product?† The answer to this question will define the duties of the employee filling this position. However, HR managers should plan and design for these jobs with a holistic approach that would ensure interconnectedness of the different functions to promote cohesion within the organization. A second primary role of a HR manager is the recruitment of suitable personnel to handle the duties created. The process of recruitment involves sourcing for candidates by inviting applications for the jobs. An invitation for job application is prerequisite to capture vital information that is needed to sift through the applications that come in. An appropriate medium is chosen to disseminate this information, relevant mechanisms set to handle the incoming applications, and subsequent interviews that are held after the most fitting candidates are selected. The recruitment process in quite vital as it introduces employees that have the potential of furthering the companies’ objectives to the organization. The introduction of new employees to a company creates the challenges of ensuring that the personnel is oriented to fit the organization better, and understand their responsibilities with regards to the stipulated contractual agreements. The HR manager is responsible for keeping track of the personnel’s development and nurture budding talent in an effort in help the employee(s) attain their full potential and consequently serve to fulfill the organizations targets. This requires a constant review of the company’s personnel records and cooperation between the different managers directly in charge of the different employees. Employees do not work free, and their input to the organization needs to be rewarded. The HR manager’s duties also encompass the remuneration of the employees. Based on a variety of factors involving but not limited to the level of competency of the employee, the number and complexity of the duties assigned to an employee, as well as the prevailing external factors like the state of the economy, may come into play when deciding on the appropriate remuneration package to offer their employees. Salaries should be reviewed match the dynamic external environment when suitable. Considering the HR department is the foremost authority in matters concerning the organization’s human capital, a HR manager is responsible for ensuring that the company abides by the labor and employment laws. These laws protect the welfare of employees, and it is usually punishable law for a company to fail to comply with the laws. In cases where the employees want to hold a collective agreement with the organization, the HR manager is mandated to act as the company’s principle intermediary usually through a proxy like the employees’ representatives (unions). The present form of human resource management has not always existed. Before the 1900s, the rights of employees, with respect to the value they add to an organization were not appreciated. Some individuals like Andrew Carnegie did instill changes to these practices, but that was confined to their own businesses. Widespread acceptance of these ideas took place due to the institution of public policy that strove to improve the conditions that employees were exposed to at work, as well as the relationship that existed between employers and their employees. Advancement in the study and research into this discipline and progression in transport and communication lead to the view held today as far as human capital is concerned. Today there exists concepts that could not have been deemed possible a century ago. The progress made, as far as human rights are concerned, has meant a constant renewal of policies that conflict the rights of employees. For instance, during the Industrial Revolution, women did not work in companies, but presently women are at the helm of a number of multinational organizations. Such changes require a change in structure and the inclusion of several mechanisms that recognize the different needs of different groups present in the workplace. Changes in human relations, in general, have changed the way organizations view their employees. There has been a transition from viewing the labor in terms of their input to the company to looking at employees as individuals. Further studies of human behavior have influenced the management of personnel and policies have been implemented to provide to the needs of personnel outside the scope of their work. Examples of these include installation of fringe benefits that serve the needs of employees as human beings, and not necessarily benefiting the company directly like health insurance, pension plans, maternity and paternity leave. The focus of human resource management has evolved from that of protecting the company from the employees’ unions that were viewed negatively to strategic resourcefulness. An example is in takeovers and consolidation, where the company’s interests with respect to the work force are maintained so that in the process, the purpose of the roles created and talent nurtured by the organization is not lost. HR plays its role in integrating the acquired resources with those of the parent company to safeguard the cohesion and ultimately smooth running of the organization. Another key field pertaining to human resource is the planning of how a company’s employees are succeeded in the eventuality that an employee leaves for whatever reason. In most companies, clear guidelines are set to ascertain that a vacuum is not created by the departure on an employee. Essentially the organization is greater than an individual hence departure should not lead to paralysis. The HR manager is instrumental in identifying successors from either within or outside the company. These new employees are then trained in accordance to the structures available facilitating a smooth transition and normal running of the business. The field of human resource management is dynamic and relevant to the running of any organization successfully. This is evidenced by the fact that it has increased significantly in such a short time compared to a many of the other fields. There are still more areas of improvement and further research into the disciple will result in even greater growth and diversification. The installation of institutions that teach the discipline and the increasing number of peer-reviewed articles is more evidence to this.

Resilience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Resilience - Assignment Example Cases of terrorist attacks are being put as a story of the past with several methods to fight terrorism attacks being put in order. Moreover, disaster resilience is vitality. The federal government has been in the front hand, encouraging community resilience as a way to ensure a productive nation. A resilient nation is a prosperous nation. Resilient people, organizations, and even countries are blessed with such an outlook that they can change course and soldier on, even after misfortunes. Resilience is the will to recover from or adjust easily to misfortunes or change. Usually the affected becomes successful, strong or healthy after something bad happens. It’s always the goal of any country, organization or to bounce back to the normal state especially when hit by either calamities or economic downfalls. Measures have been put in place to ensure that these countries, organization or firms adopt resilience. Rather than making failure overcome them, they rise from their ashes a nd move forward. Sportsmen and women are advised to be resilient during training and competitions as in the end; it produces positive results. Resilience is quite different from resistance though the two share numerous similarities. Resilient people, organizations, and even countries are blessed with such an outlook that they can change course and soldier on, even after misfortunes. Resilience and resistance have quite some similarities and differences. Psychologists have identified that positive attitude and being optimistic makes one be resilient.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Project Management - Essay Example However, one has to consider that this figure would be changed by U.S. figures after product launch, if that is still on the agenda. Since we have no cost figures, this question really cannot be answered in concrete terms with any semblance of accuracy. However, certain less tangible benefits are certainly present. The company has a great deal to learn from closely examining the whole process of development of this project. I would certainly recommend that a thorough post-mortem be done using a group created for that purpose composed of a team of experts in all phases of pharmaceutical project development, and that post-mortem be used to examine the current cancer drug development process for parallel problems before releasing that drug, even though there would be definite differences concerning the fault tolerance, since the purpose of this drug is to cure disease, a considerably higher level of need than mere pain relief. One should remember that while the end may justify the means, the opposite is also true. When the end does not carry a high level of justification, perhaps the means would be more carefully sc rutinized. The desired end in both projects, and all others in the industry is when all is said and done, profit. In order for any pharmaceutical to be profitable, the revenue must outweigh the cost of development and there is no evidence that this is yet so for Painfree. The Painfree Project suffered from several major problems caused by not following the best practices in project management. 1The best practices for project management require that careful planning be done and documented from the beginning, and one person should be responsible for overseeing and managing communications and documentation. The aims and scope of the project should be clearly outlined and all phases must be monitored by some individual or group responsible to corporate and not

Selling Executives on Project Management Assignment - 2

Selling Executives on Project Management - Assignment Example Heerkens (2002)Often times in a project, expectations are not met that are defined in scope and the WBS. Thus, creating contingency strategies is pivotal towards executing a successful project. One of the most pivotal contingency strategies is to have a high incremental cost of resources that continue to plague organizations. One of the strategies I would suggest is financial segmentation. The revenue stream is the focal point that one should examine at Levan. Budget discrepancies are one of the most difficult challenges to deal with when closing down a project because PMs must ensure that they close their projects without any discrepancies. Understanding the segmentation of financials is hectic because it requires signatures, higher authority decisions and collaboration. In midst of the project, most managers forget that budget discrepancies in the beginning can accumulate to be problematic at the end. This not only creates chaos in the project, but diminishes quality, resources and time. The second element I would suggest is that to run more of an Agile environment rather than a waterfall. Agile methodology is one of the best methodologies that have been implemented in the realm of e-commerce. Agile methodology allows organizations to harness growth, breed innovation, and define products that can be tangible and intuitive. One of the best elements of Agile is the fact that one can prototype. The rise of Agile methodology is likely to be more effective because it is very rapid and at the end of each sprint you have something testable and can be given to the client much quicker than waterfall. Heerkens (2002)The techniques that the group found effective were using wireframes and workflows because it is easier to visually understand information than to read 300 page documentation. The third strategy I would suggest is managing change request. It is evident that managing change request is

A Look At Marriage In Malaysia Religion Essay

A Look At Marriage In Malaysia Religion Essay Since long ago, policies of marriage are closely associated with the Malaysians religious customs, race and culture of different ethnic groups in the society. With reauthorization of the bill looming, much of the policies and cultures have been debated and has shifted on the questions of how best to build on this success of the marriage. Regarding the nature of marriage in Malaysia, established custom and tradition has been maintained and preserved by many families. The question here is that, is there any change in the policies which leads to the challenge of such tradition? Here, we would look at how such policy changes impact the people in various countries. Comparison within countries will be made. In Malaysia, there are two types of marriages which are practiced and governed differently under different pieces of legislations and policies. Thus, for easier understanding, both types of marriages will be discussed differently and separately. Marriage in Malaysia In the Malaysia position, there are two categories of the marriage procedures, namely the Islamic procedure for Muslim couples and the civil procedure for non-Muslims. Primarily, both types of marriages are different from each other in terms of custom, cultural and beliefs as well as their procedural regulations. For Muslims marriage, the Syaria Law will govern onto them and also their customary practices. While for the non-Muslims marriage, which also known as the civil marriage, the particular law will govern them which is the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976. While a formal process of marriage registration is required, wedding ceremonies are typically also conducted in accordance to the couples culture, tradition or religious customs. Policies Of Marriages The policy in marriages means the aspects applied, considered and practiced by the people in the society. These policies may includes aspects likes the historical background of the culture of each society, lifestyle of the peoples in their society, religious cultures and influenced, economic, human desires and needs and other aspect. According to al-Ghazali, pleasure is the attaining of the object of desire, while desire is the souls inclination to possess the object of its yearning (shawq). When sensitive and rational faculties function well, they are accompanied by a glow, as it were; such radiance is called pleasure by Aristotle. Hedonism asserts that pleasure does not differ in kind or quality. For hedonists, pleasures differ only in degree or quantity, and in duration or intensity; hence their propagation of the expansion of the sensate life. In reality, however, pleasures are of different kinds, and they differ as do the human activities they accompany. Pleasures are of three kinds. Firstly, pleasure related to the life of the mind, such as the pleasures of learning, scientific investigation, intellectual contemplation, and wisdom. Secondly, the biological pleasure, which is common to man and the other animals, such as eating, drinking and sex. Thirdly, the socio-political pleasure, such as the lust for conquest or the desire for social position. Of the three kinds of human pleasure, however, the noblest and the most exclusive to him is the pleasure related to the life of the mind, which endures forever and is rewarded by everlasting bliss in the life to come. According to al-Ghazali, the following eight varieties of pleasure eating, drinking, sex, attire, habitation, smell, hearing and sight are followed in ascending order by the pleasures of social status (jah), accumulation of wealth, rivalry and competition. The uncontrolled desire for the pleasures of eating, drinking and sex are particularly nefarious from the religio-ethical point of view. In relation to these desires, Aristotle and al-Ghazali observe, most men err on the side of excess. As such, training these desires is the starting point of all character building. It is important to note the fact that the last Quranic verse revealed chronologically begins with teaching what are the foods forbidden in Islam, and ending with the statement that God had perfected the religion for those who truly want to submit to Him  [1]  . Likewise, as far as sex is concerned, relations outside of marriage is forbidden. Within the bonds of matrimony, sex practised in moderation is essential. Indeed, marriage is instituted for the preservation of the species and the prevention of diseases which otherwise can harm the body that has no lawful outlet for sexual desire. Through the institution of marriage, one is enabled to satisfy the urgent de ­Ã‚ ­mand of sexual desire. Upon marriage, one enters new challenges, which of providing for a family through lawful earnings, of fulfilling the rights of spouse and offspring, and of tolerating the weaknesses of each other. This requires that the issue of the basic material needs of poor families is adequately addressed in socio-economic policy. In addition, a reform has been a huge success, if measured by reductions in caseloads with regard to the policy and cultural in marriage in Malaysia. With regard against the cultural and policy in marriage in Malaysia position, there are several of policies and cultural which been adopted and developed or changes. In addition, these policies and cultural in marriage matters, have been adopted and practiced by the people in the society for quite long duration of times. Thus, these policies and cultural in marriage matters may be consider as the policies and customary law in the ambit of marriage in Malaysia. Marriage Culture The culture of marriage was starts with high ideals, the secular education movement sought to help the common person by extending its social program through high school. Everyone was urged to finish high school. The business of education grew as other business grew with it. Agribusiness pushed people off of the small farm, while the attractions of the city, the sophistication of higher culture, and the new corporate economic growth drew people into the cities. Then the pressure was on to attend college. Courses were gradually dumbed down in order to accomodate the droves of young people who are culturally trained in them and for them. Education was billed as the path to success, and it was true, if over stated. Competition in the work force led many to seek higher degrees still, postponing marriage in many cases well past their sexual prime or desirability. The growth of mass education in this century led to the herding of our young people together with others the same age. More and more, coeducation became the norm at higher and higher age levels. Young people found themselves away from their parents more, and developed romantic relationships, apart from their parents supervision, with friends in high school. Later this was also the case in colleges which were taking in more and more students and were becoming coed. This tended to effect cultural feelings about a the relative difference in age in a young couple. The extended adolesence of our young has proved profitable for these institutions and for other big businesses as well, but it effectively competed with many of the regular people it claimed to help, financially and culturally defrauding them to some extent, if unintentionally. Young women are to be protected, primarily by their fathers. Fathers are traditionally understood to be their authority and protection- the ones who give (them)in marriage to another protector, their future husband. The larger society cannot protect them. Thus our single young women should not move about so freely among young men as is done currently in our fornicating, aborting, single mom culture. Suitors should woo with the girls parents nearby. Parties where marriageable young people meet should be arranged by the parents in the community. It is to be known that the earlier culture in marriage were too restrictive on women and on marriage in general. We of course are so much happier with our progress in fornication, unwanted pregnancies, broken hearts, abortion guilt, enflamed and economically exploited lust, and comercialized exploitation of postponed marriage frustration. Also, the marriage culture earlier, parents can find at least some time for this important phase of their childrens life. I think they had better do something for their children, and not just leave their opportunities completely to the larger culture which does such a poor job.In any case, certainly even arranged marriages, for all their strictness, would be better than our cultures flacidity. Our culture revels in distracting and wasting its youths years of greatest relations and economic strength. Carefully arranged and chaperoned events would improve a girls chances of being courted by serious suitors. Parents can be helpful by keeping it fun and light hearted, or at least casual. They should not make it seem like a big deal, because this will make the young people tense. Acceptance of moderate age difference has been hard to find at coeducational institutions. Young people, naturally influenced by the environment in which they are placed, feel safer and more natural with friends their own age, having been educated for years with their age group, and they care a great deal about what their friends think. Seniors and graduates are embarrased about their attraction to freshmen girls. Potential couples try to tell themselves and others that they are just friends. Parents who themselves where raised in a co-education culture find themselves resistant to older suitors. But in light of earlier traditions where there are no minimum age of a person to get married or been married. Muslims Marriage The Islamic Family Law, which governs the Muslims marriage in Malaysia are likely as the personal status laws and traditions of all religions, has always been problematic as it discriminates against women. Since the late 19th century, Muslim countries exercised ijtihad, reinterpretation of the Quran, in order to redress some of the injustices Muslim women suffer in marriage, polygamy,divorce and issues of custody and guardianship of children. In the post-colonial era, when Muslim countries moved towards the codification of Muslim personal laws through statutory enactments, they adopted a process of selecting and combining differing juristic opinions of different schools of Islamic law (mazhab) in order to partially redress the discrimination against women. In Malaysia, the first major effort at law reform took place in the early 1980s when the Attorney-Generals chambers was appointed to prepare a model enactment to be the basis of a uniform Islamic Family Law to replace the diverse and conflicting legislations of the different states which predated independence. Muslim Family Law Reform In 1984 the Islamic Family Law was codified and passed by Parliament. This law was seen as a progressive law, regarded as one of the best Muslim Family Laws in the world. The positive, gender-sensitive reforms included: Grounds for divorce for women were expanded: 12 grounds for fasakh, (most of them from the Maliki school, because the Shafie school provides limited grounds) including cruelty on 6 different grounds: habitually assaults her or makes her life miserable, or associates with women of evil repute or leads an infamous life; attempts to force her to lead an immoral life,2 disposes of her property or prevents her from exercising her legal rights over it; or obstruct her in observance of her religious obligations or practice if he has more than one wife and does not treat her equitably; Divorce outside the court was made illegal; Polygamy without the permission of the court was made illegal; Five strict conditions to be fulfilled before court can give a man permission to take another wife: just and necessary. Grounds included sterility, physically unfit for conjugal relations, insanity; financial ability to support all wives and dependents, including would be dependents; ability to treat all wives equally; no harm caused to existing wife in respect of religion, life, body, mind, or property; no drop in standard of living, directly or indirectly, of existing wife and dependents; Wife has a right to claim her share of matrimonial assets from her husband even though she has not financially contributed to its acquisition. Her role as wife and mother are considered as contribution that enabled her husband to acquire his assets. This was considered revolutionary, not just in the Muslim world, but also in civil jurisdiction. Other Muslim countries looked at Malaysias law as a model and adopted in particular the division of matrimonial assets provision. Civil Marriage The Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act, 1976 have been drafted in 1976, when the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act was passed by Parliament (enforced in 1982), the practiced in civil law reform for non-Muslim marriage has been progressive. The major reform of the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act, 1976 was the banning of polygamy among non-Muslims. Prior to that, non-Muslim men could choose to be polygamous under their respective customary laws. For instances, the Chinese customary law allowed unlimited polygamy. It also allowed Chinese men to unilaterally pronounce divorce on their wives, on any one of seven grounds: Adultery, disrespect to husbands parents, barrenness (i.e. failure to bear a son), talkativeness (nagging), jealousy suffering an infectious disease, The Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act, 1976 have abolished all that and provides for divorce by mutual consent or upon petition by either spouse in an equal divorce process where the grounds for both men and women are: intolerable adultery unreasonable behaviour desertion for not less than 2 years living separately for not less than 2 years. As for the process apply after the coming in force of the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act, 1976 , this law reform was done in a democratic and consultative manner. A Parliamentary select committee was established and it travelled all over the country to listen to diverse views from the ground before this law was drafted. Guardianship of Infants Act, 1961 Other progressive reforms in civil law governing family matters took place around 1990 are several amendments to the Guardianship Act and the Distribution Act 1961. The Guardianship of Infants Act was amended in 1999 to provide for the father and mother to have equal rights to guardianship of their children. In the past, only the father was the primary guardian of his children. Alas, this amendment only benefited non-Muslims as guardianship of children for Muslims comes under the jurisdiction of shariah law. The constitutional amendment of Article 121(A) made in 1988 which provided that civil court cannot exercise jurisdiction on matters under shariah jurisdiction meant that Muslim women could not benefit from this law reform process as guardianship for Muslims comes under the jurisdiction of the Islamic Family Law. Are Muslim women then supposed to roll over and play dead while their sisters of other faiths advance forward in the pursuit of the Constitutional guarantee for equality before the law? Certainly nobody in government saw it fit to deal with the issue of the guardianship rights of Muslim mothers. This policy decision thus enables Muslim women to enjoy the benefit of law reform that applied only to their non-Muslim. The Distribution Act 1958 The Distribution Act was amended in 1999 to provide for equal inheritance for widows and widowers. Previously, the husband of a deceased woman inherited the whole estate (even her children were excluded from inheritance if she died intestate and was survived by her husband), while the wife of the deceased man inherited only ONE THIRD of his estate if he had children (the other two-thirds were given to his children), or one-half of his estate if he had no children (the other half was given to his other relatives). The amendment provides equal right to inheritance for the husband and wife and also granted children the right to inherit from their mothers as well as from their fathers estate. When laws for non-Muslim women were being amended to grant them equal rights to inheritance and guardianship, even more laws and policies were amended to discriminate against the Muslim women. The Insurance Act was amended in 1996 to provide that the Muslim beneficiary named in an insurance policy acts only as the administrator of the estate, as the deceased insurance monies is to be distributed according to faraid. This means if your husband buys a policy and names you, his wife as the beneficiary in order to protect your wellbeing upon his death, you actually will not be the sole beneficiary of that policy. The monies will be divided according to faraid, the Islamic inheritance rules. Factors of Changes Welfare The relative lack of attention to marriage promotion has prompted numbers of the public to argue and suggests that the government should act much more aggressively to pursue a pro-marriage agenda. The matter of marriage promotion rightly contend that marriage confers a variety of benefits. For example, married women have much lower rates of poverty and are less dependent on the government assistances than single or divorced mothers, and children do best being raised by both biological parents. In general, married parents also have better mental health and are more likely to be civically engaged. Whereby, its means that they have fulfil all the requirements to married. Although promoting marriage is undeniably a laudable aim, whether government have provides sufficient protects for the public interest with fair and just. Also whether it can effectively promote marriage is far from certain. Thus, due to this matter of welfare either of the infants of the marriage or each party in the marriage or even together with the party and the infant, there are changes made with regards in dealing with this matters. The changes for such is to helps poor or inability women and their children lead better lives, if the case that the marriage was dissolve. Sosio-economic The socio-economic context of men and womens lives today has drastically changed since Islams early days and our understanding of these principles needs to accordingly evolve to reflect the justice of Islam, the realities of today and what justice means today. Today, many women earn a living and maintain their families together with their husbands. Divorced or widowed mothers often provide for their children without assistance from ex-husbands or male relatives. One would expect that womens right to inheritance would expand with their responsibilities but unfortunately this has not been the case. Should the daughter who takes care of her ageing parents financially, physically, emotionally and spiritually until their death, get half what her brother inherits, even when he did not lift a finger to help? Should men continue to enjoy privileges when they fail to perform their responsibilities? In Islam, privilege is linked to responsibility. In practically, while mens privileges are recognized and codified into law, their responsibilities are somehow regarded as between them and God, and not for the state to enforce nor to punish them and deny them the privileges should they fail in performing their responsibilities. Development In Society Marriage policies and cultural are as the number of community-level approaches being implemented grows, the need to identify effective strategies also increases. Most research in the area of strengthening marriage focuses on the effects of interventions offered to individual couples. Whereby, the society have develop due to the time pass. Where, it can be said that the thinking and mentality of people in the society are change and develop. Thus, it affects to the changes. Awareness and Responsibility Although some may consider marriage outside the purview of government responsibility, it is increasingly common for government and private agencies to combine efforts to promote healthy marriages. Thus, certain culture and policy in marriage have been changes due to the consistency of such marriage culture and policy with the society and current recent situation. Social Changes They are more likely to move into and out of cohabiting relationships and are substantially more likely to be divorced or remarried than women who wait to have children until after they marry. Specifically, unwed mothers are more likely than other women to be in second or higher order marriages. Where, the internal or the external in social changes which have emphasizes on the impact of some changes into the society. Where, in addition, the social changes are beyond the care and control of the people in the society. Comparison With reference to another country, the comparison and reference made are towards two different types of policies and cultures applied and practiced by two different types of countries. Whereby, comparison and references are towards the English situation, which mostly shows the civil policies and cultures of marriage. Also, to the Islamic countries position, likes Pakistan. Thus, using a well-matched comparison examples from other countries helps to address potential selection bias because factors affecting marriage and divorce should be similar in both types of marriage. English Situation In English situation, it is known that in marriage, without hesitation that the feminist era of the Sixties ruined American women. He declares with no affection that when women started to claim their rights, the husband was forgotten. American women were given the ability to say no to their husbands. Larry is a firm believer in the Christian doctrine that the man rules the roost, and the wife should look to her man for guidance in all things, spiritual and otherwise. There are two kinds of marital paths or ideologies. Traditional views include the typical view of a family, which stresses steadiness and commitment in a framework generally accepted by the society in which one lives.. Therapeutic views focus instead on the feelings of gratification arising from love and emotional interactions. Those believing in a traditional view of marriage, most often espoused by men seeking foreign brides for marriage, often believe in the importance of time-honored institutions and value a certain amount of stability and predictability in relationships. The more therapeutic view, also known as the ideology of uncertainty, thrives on change and the ability to experience individual freedoms as well as sharing them within a family structure. Most people term the former old-fashioned and the latter modern. Also, that the demographic of age of a person mostly getting married, which, although sent equally to all age groups-was between 30 and 60, leaning to over 45. They were aware of the strong family values component to the culture. There is usually a strong father figure, and the entire family participates in the keeping the family unit stable. The policy and culture in the English situation are also practiced the sequence in sibling of each family. Where, the younger sibling will respect the elder to get married before they do. In their culture also, couples from different cultures get into relationships for the same reasons intracultural couples do. Two factors that strongly influence the facilitation of intercultural relationships are both a strong sense of ethnic identity and a profound interest in other cultures and similar education and socioeconomic status. Although the former, strong ethnic identity and interest in other cultures can make one more apt to get into an intercultural relationship, if one member is more educated or higher up in a social hierarchy, the less likely they are to marry out of their culture.   In other words,  the rules change. The problem is with marriage itself. Once relationships are built on force and what one has to do, they are no longer love relationships. People dont like to be forced. The policies and cultures in marriage in English   are slowly changing, even if some things stay the same. Their gender roles have been affected by the feminist movement, just as the industrial revolution, the rise of the labour laws, more technology at home, and the post-World War II boom changed the American family. As the woman was released from having to work in factories and better technology offered more leisure time and more focus on the children, the policies and cultural in English country changed.   Recently in currents days, in a post-feminist era where typically both partners in a marriage work and must do so to maintain their standard of living, the sharing factor becomes more evident and is desired by both male and female, as clearly indicated in my survey. Men and women alike in great numbers overwhelmingly want trust and sharing from their partner. They are looking for a best friend who understands them. Thus, from the above reference in English situation, it may be conclude that,  as long as both parties agree to the basic structure of what marriage is and should be, the partnership is more likely to be successful, no matter where the individuals were born. The people in the society who are more modern and progressive in their thinking can take heart in the findings suggest that both men and women in the English are seeking best friends, trust, understanding, and a commitment to sharing in relationship. Now that they have agreed on what they want, all they have to do is commit to being those things. Islamic Countries Main characteristics of Muslim marriage culture are consent of the competent parties, presence of witnesses and dower (Mehr) to wife. No ceremony or ritual is required for a valid Muslim marriage contract. However, Muslims observe colourful marriage customs is different parts of the world depending upon their local cultures. Most of the wedding customs are innocent in nature while some are against basic principles of Islamic marriage jurisprudence. The Muslim marriages are famous for the best in inviting and welcoming the guests. This kind of Muslim marriage culture provides people a chance to entertain guests in bulk and strengthen their social bonds. Not only bride, groom and their families but also neighbors and their friends enjoy marriage event with different rituals. Muslim marriage culture is famous for the best in inviting and welcoming the guests. Wedding customs give them a chance to entertain guests in bulk. Muslim marriage can take place at any convenient time. Also the marriage venue can be the bride or grooms house. In Muslim marriage policies and culture, couples may contract a marriage at any place and time in Muslim marriage culture. Some prefer night hours but there is no legal or religious restriction. Marriage may take place at any venue including bride or grooms house. However, generally the wedding ceremony takes place at brides place. Following common practices are observed in Muslim marriage culture: The wedding ceremony starts with delivery of a sermon by a Qazi or Imam. Though his services are not required at all for a valid Muslim marriage contract but traditionally no Muslim marriage is conducted without such a sermon. In Pakistan Nikah registrars not only register the marriages but also deliver the sermon. It not only gives a sacred character to the marriage but also helps the families to announce the marriage. A sermon may even be delivered by someone from the families of bride or groom. Pakistans Situation Generally, in Pakistani and Indian marriage cultures the Muslim family of a groom searches for the bride. Quran and Islamic marriage jurisprudence does not accept a marriage conducted without free consent of the parties. But the families used to ignore consent of the parties for one reason or the other. However, the advent of information technology and developments made by the media has been forcing the elders of the families to take a back seat. Now, in most of the case you can dictate your terms as an adult. But you still cant avoid the customs and traditions of your society if you are from the sub-continent. And I dont think that there may be some good reason to avoid these traditions. They may not have any importance in Islamic jurisprudence but they can make your marriage extremely colorful. The marriage customs in Pakistani and Indian Muslim marriage cultures are similar. Such similarities in followers of different religions with their individual religious flavor. But in case of Muslims the marriage customs are akin across the borders. (Wedding related customs in All Muslim marriage cultures) As in Pakistani and Indian marriage cultures the Mangni is essential not only in the Muslim families but also in non-Muslim ones. It equates to the ceremony of engagement in North America with all out local colors. It is exchange of rings between the marriage partners. Generally, grooms family visits the house of bride first and puts a ring in her finger. Then it is turn of the brides family to do the same. Now the modern families are allowing their children to exchange their rings in a single ceremony but most of the people are still going with the tradition. In Pakistani and Indian marriage cultures and Islamic laws does not allow the marrying parties to have any kind of relationship. It neither creates any right nor duties. It is only after valid Nikah that they become legally husband and wife. If engagement is broken by any of the party, it does not affect the parties anyway. However, the parties prefer to return whatever they have got as gifts. The order is not fixed. The families may decide to change the order of observing the customs as for their convenience. Traditionally, in Pakistani and Indian marriage cultures, only unmarried women apply Mehndi and turmeric pastes to brides. The Mehndi is also applied to grooms hands. After this ceremony the bride is not allowed to leave her house until the wedding takes place. She can go to beauty parlor on the wedding day along with women of her family. Conclusion The aim of such changes is to help in creating a strong, lasting and satisfying marriages through the reformation, development or the changes in the policies and the cultural. These changes are also relates with the marriage preparation to engaged couples and marriage enrichment and also reconciliation to married couples. They also help with step-family formation and success. Which means to say that these changes are with regard to the public policy and interest. Also for the welfare of family community and interests. More rigorous testing of community marriage initiatives, will require improvement in the quality, completeness, and consistency of data. In addition, it will be necessary t

COMPASSION FOR THE SOULS WHO INHABIT HELL :: essays research papers

Dante's Inferno is a 14th- century poem that seems calculated to cause the greatest possible pain to a 20th-century humanist, or to anyone who is attracted to Christianity because of its compassion and belief in the possibility of redemption. The God of the Inferno has precious little compassion and no forgiveness. He was the God who not only turned a blind eye to Belsen, but also exercised great ingenuity in constructing His own blood-chilling concentration camp, where sinners should suffer, not only during their brief lives, but for all eternity. What is particular about Dante's God is that He consigns sinners to their particular circle in Hell according to an immutable tariff of offences. No attention is paid to mitigating circumstances, or the idea of doing justice to the individual soul before the Divine Court. Hell, in short, was made on exactly the lines that the present Home Secretary would wish to impose on our present sentencing system. How do we reconcile the enjoyment of a great poem with what must seem, to many of us today, a repellent theology? Ulysses may best capture our own views in his speech to his sailors. He celebrates the dignity of man and says: "You were not bornto live as a mere brute does/ But for the pursuit of knowledge and the good". But such sensible humanism is, apparently, no better than the excuses of the gluttons and the adulterers. Ulysses is condemned as a thief and must suffer in Hell. In an admirable Preface to Robert Pinsky's translation, John Freccero deals with past attempts to enjoy the poem without revulsion. Coleridge advised us to "suspend disbelief" and enjoy the poetry without accepting the theology. Erich Auerbach suggested we separate "Dante's didactic intent from his power of representation", and held that the reality of the condemned characters overwhelmed their allegorical meaning. Perhaps we should simply remember how Dante suffered from the ruthless power-seeking and political intrigue in Florence and take Hell as an accurate picture of politics today. George Steiner, the distinguished critic and polymath, has suggested in his book In Bluebeard's Castle that the Holocaust is the Christian idea of hell made real and that the most knowledgeable guide to the camps is actually Dante. Robert Pinsky, the recently appointed poet laureate of the United States, was asked to comment on this notion in an interview in The Forward that marked the publication of the poet's acclaimed translation of Dante's Inferno.

How Can Global Thinking Support You?

How can Global Thinking support you? Inform The Global Thinking team offers fresh perspectives on learning from our long experience in diverse local and global contexts. Inspire We provide advice and training, resources and research to bring insight, challenge perceptions and enable creative thinking for 21st Century learning. Innovate We work in partnership with clients and education specialists on practical and innovative approaches for differing teaching and learning needs. Global Thinking provides inspiration and innovation in global learning.Our specialist team provides training and consultancy to educators who enable young people to shape their futures in a fair and sustainable world. Education The term was increasingly applied to initiatives in international education and was advanced by  Stuart Grauer  in his 1989 University of San Diego publication, Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community. In this publication it was attribed to  Harlan Cleveland. 15]  It is said that this term was used by German-American  sociologist  Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy[citation needed]  in the 1950s or earlier, prior to the formation of the  United Nations Organization. It is not only corporations that are acknowledging the importance of environmental issues, but also the education system. Government officials and school boards across the world are beginning to develop a new way of teaching. Globalization is now thought of as an important concept to understanding the world.Certain schools believe it is important to discuss global issues as young as 5 years old. It is students who are our future, therefore understanding the concept of â€Å"think globally, act locally† is fundamental to our future. [16] Definition â€Å"Think globally, act locally†Ã‚  urges people to consider the health of the entire planet and to take action in their own communitie s and cities. Long before governments began enforcing environmental laws, individuals were coming together to protect habitats and the organisms that live within them.These efforts are referred to as grassroots efforts. They occur on a local level and are primarily run by volunteers and helpers. â€Å"Think Globally, Act Locally† originally began at the grassroots level, however, it is now a global concept with high importance. It is not just volunteers who take the environment into consideration. It is corporations, government officials, education system, and local communities. It is now extremely important to consider global markets and communities when doing business.Global markets and large corporations have one of the largest impacts on the environment, it is their influence and actions that are vital to the survival of our planet. Large corporations have the most impact on the environment, therefore â€Å"thinking globally and acting locally† can make a major dif ference in the survival of our planet. Warren Heaps states â€Å"it's really important to recognize that markets are different around the world, and company compensation programs should reflect a balance between global corporate philosophy and local practice and culture†. 1] About the Department The Faculty of Arts and Letters is an institution of learning geared towards the development and fulfillment of the total person, the Universal Man, focusing on the Arts and the Humanities, mainly, and spreading out to include the sciences, social and natural, guided by Christian faith and avowed Thomasian ideals and the highest social, national, international and even global standards and objectives.The envisioned goal is the Colege's turning out not only of learned but wisened individuals who, motivated by the highest standards of excellence, excel in their chosen fields, eventually becoming role models in society, potential leaders and achievers of the country, all in the spirit no t only of personal but also social and more importantly, spiritual commitment. The Faculty's goals and objectives are: An ideal confluence of mind, heart and spirit, in the service of the total rounded man.Expertise in one's own chosen field and an adequate spreading out of interests, skils, concerns, in other, fields, allied of otherwise. An enhanced and enriched cultural background including a sense of history and tradition while being abreast with the modern technology of a network world. Ample exposure to and immersion in research as well as creative and critical endeavors. Sympathy and concern for the socially needy and handicapped through consistent efforts and interst in community service.Constant cultivation and preservation of Philippine values at the same time cognizant of what are timeless and universal. History The liberal arts and philosophy had been taught in the University of Santo Tomas since its foundation in 1611. The Faculty of Philosophy and Letters was establish ed in 1896 and the College of Liberal Arts in 1926. In 1964, however these two colleges were merged and given the general name of Faculty of Arts and Letters. Courses offered then were Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Literature, and Bachelor of Philosophy.In the course of time, new majors were offered. In the academic year 1971 to 1972, the Faculty started to offer the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Asian Studies, Behavioral Science (which evolved form the originally offered LiA-Com), Communication Arts, Economics, Journalism, Literature, Philosophy,Political Science, Sociology, and Translation(which was eventually phased out). In 1994, another major, Legal Management, was created to serve the relevant needs of students who intend to go to law after graduation.And so, presently, ten majors are offered in the Faculty of Arts and Letters to wit; Asian Studies, Behavioral Science, Communication Arts, Economics, Jouranlism, Literature, Legal Management, Political Science, Philosophy, and S ociology. Common courses offered in the Faculty of Arts and Letters are designed to develop the minds and sensibilities of the students and to inculcate in them human values and the appreciation of the country's cultural heritage in the light of Christian faith and tradition.Furthermore, they intend to provide the students with the necessary background for them to develop into informed, responsible, and concerned rounded citizens of this country, guided by the mission-vision not only of the College but more importantly, of the University of Santo Tomas. â€Å"Mga Uri Ng Pagsulat†Ã‚  StudyMode. com. 01 2011. 01 2011 .

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird types of courage In Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Lee has three characters Atticus, Jem, and Scout Finch. These characters all have shown these types of courage physical, mental, and personal. The character Atticus shows mental and personal courage when he defends black man Tom Robinson who was being accused of something he didn’t do and this displays mental and personal courage because he knew his name would get slandered accross maycomb county, yet he still defended Tom.Atticus showed phisical courage when he cam face to face with the rabbid dog. This displays phisical courage because wasn’t afraid of his phisical body being hurt by the crazy dog. Jem Finch showed personal and phisical courage when he went back to get his pants from the Radley place. This displayed personal and phisical courage because even though Mr. Radley said he would shoot the next peron that steps foot on his yard he still went back to get it. This portion demonstrates his phisical courage.The personal courage in this is the reason he went back to get the pants, because he went back because he didnt want to disapoint his father and its a point in the book where we notice he is becoming more mature also. Jem showed mental courage when he goes back and fixes Ms. Dubose’s flowers because he was very angry with her for talking that way about his father yet he did the right thing and fixed her flowers. Scout Finch showed phisical courage when she faught Jem. This displays phiscal courage because she knew Jem was bigger older and stronger yet she still faught him and wasnt afraid of getting hurt.Scout showed personal courage when she walked away from a fight with Cicil Jacobs. This didplays personal courage because she was young and thought fight was the only way to solve a problem but she listened to her father by not fighting him. Lastly Scout showed mental courage when she was rolled into the Radley yard (by accedent) by Jem in the tire. This shows mental courage because she wasnt afraid in the Radley yard she was more conserned about herself at that point but she was in the Radley yard un afraid.

Importance Of Bank Essays

Importance Of Bank Essays Importance Of Bank Essay Importance Of Bank Essay Why banks are important in an economy Bank is an organization or financial institution whose current operations are accepting deposit money and giving loans (slideshareinc 2012), bank is one of the type of financial intermediary(state of Connecticut). Understandings of a bank are varying, depending on the views of people. In past, bank only place to saving and borrowing money. Now understanding of the bank is growing with the development of the bank function in todays modern life.For example as an executive payment and storage of valuables (Demand Media, inc 2012) The Function of a bank is to ensure the safety and soundness of banks, maintain the efficiency financial structure and financial system, maintain financial balance or stability and secure costumer from abuses (Dileep Mehta and Hung-Gay Fung 2004)On the other side, bank also manages financial in a country (Franklin Allen and Elena Carletti 2008) There are many types of bank, such as saving banks, commercial banks, industrial bank and central bank (preserveArticles. com 2012).Differences of bank type will impact to the usage and function of a bank such as central bank can create money to be used in country, but commercial bank or saving bank only can save costumers money that they deposit and give loans to other who need it. Let us look deeper into the Role of a Central Bank in a country, as well as its importance in helping developing countries to have a stable economic growth and for developed countries to maintain its economic growth (preserveArticles. com 2012). Bank has a very important role especially in those developing countries.Since the developing countries do not have well-organized money and capital markets, a Central Bank will provide a solution to develop the banking and financial system in the country. Thus, in a long term, Central bank will aim to achieve a stable economic growth for the country as well as internal stability by adopting such a monetary policy that can control inflationar y tendencies and ensure price-stability, since developing countries are vulnerable to inflationary pressures (PreserveArticle. com). Other than that, Central Bank can also act as a promoter.By using its credit control instruments (i. e. , bank rate, variable cash-reserve ratio, etc) it can provide an incentive for people to have confidence in developing a banking habits and improve the investment rate in the country (PreserveArticle. com) In developed countries maintaining a good financial system is the main objective of the Central bank. Thus having a good financial system, will ensure the country to be able to avoid booms and bust cycles, as well as inflationary scare. After that being achieved, improving the country’s economic growth would be the next step in the agenda.From the understanding of the bank, it can be concluded that bank does not give or create new wealth to the country except Central bank. It happen because Central bank who can create money only one, the oth er just commercial bank. Most of the banks are just doing the saving and borrowing. Bank plays an important role in the economy of the State, because they take advantage of the savings or deposit from the costumers and mobilize the savings money for investment or rising capital of a country (Blurtit. itd).Bankstypicallyprovide loanstoagriculturalorindustrialsectors, so thatsectorcan increase quantitiesandquality oftheproducts. When the quantities and quality of the product are increase, it will impact to economy growth for country. Before bank loan money to borrowers, firstly they will find the borrower identity, then after that they will check it whether this candidates worthy to get the loan or not. One of the examples how bank can check the candidate is use Debt- to equity ratio. Bank will examine or screen debt-to-equity ratio of the borrowers.Debt-to-Equity ratio means the ability of the borrower to repay. To get debt-to-equity ratio it is measured from total liabilities divide d by share holders Equity. The higher debt-to-equity ratio of the borrowers it is mean the borrowers are aggressive in financial growth (Dileep Mehta and Hung-Gay Fung 2004). Banks functions are not only to lend money to a person, business or country. The Bank also serves to stabilize economic regions. Usually, other developed countries will also help developing country which sustain economies problems such as America provides funds to Indonesia (Bencivenga and Smith 1991).Such are the significance influences a Bank can offer to its country’s economics, provide stability, improve wealth, and create new opportunities (Blurtit. itd). Bank also gives a signal to other institutions such as insurance the credit worthiness of a borrower. So the insurance may consider wether they will give an insurance or not to that person. What will happen if there is no Central Bank in a country? In reality, a country may survive without a central bank. For the example is Republic of Panama. This country has survived without central bank ntervention for years. It can happen because Panama has a successful and stable macroeconomic environment (mises. org n. d. ). But after several years Panama was caught in accumulating malinvestment, it causes bad credit in the country. But there is no central bank to provide cheap credits. Though Panama’s law enforce a reduction in business costs which will eventually restore the recession to equilibrium, the recession lasts longer than it would has there been a Central Bank to provide a necessary monetary policy (mises. org n. d. ). Bank as a Financial InstitutionBank is the one example of Financial Institution. Role of Financial Institution is providing financial services for customer and help them to invest their money to the right organization to get a profit, and another important roles of Financial Institution (Bank) is to scrutiny financial transaction such as: reduce fraudulent when any financial transactions is make by peop le or organization (Fitch 1993). The examples of financial institution beside bank are brokers, insurance company, and deposit taking institutions (The Times 100 ;amp; Wilson and Wilson Publishing Ltd 2012).Financial institution also held an important role in the economic world. It attracts new investors to investon current products and services, and also creates a new financial product (i. e. , different risk and couple investment opportunities with other services) (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2011). The other benefits of Financial Institution (Bank) may provide for the economic is to provide economic of scale to reduce risk and increase returns (Economies of Scale n. d. ).The way of economic of scare work is decrease the cost of production (raw material) and increase in production, example: Hence is producing 100 copies of magazine and it might cost $3000 but when they are producing 1000 copies of magazine it only cost $4000. Because the main cost is come from editing and design (Econo mist Newspaper Limited 2012). But business may not be able to produce so much because of financial barriers. From now banks have to contribute to loan money so they can produce more. In this case, both sides got some benefits, like for hence magazine business; they can produce their product more.On the other side the bank can earn interest on the money that they lend to (Mr George EkegeyEkeha). Efficiency and effectiveness in bank will impact to various sectors of economy or businesses. Bank can get their capital from the costumers who deposit their money. The money that got will give significant impacts to economy as that money are used for productivity in country. In this case, banks act as lenders of money to big business, so the company can more productive. It will give positive impact to the countrys economy (Money Lenders n. d) ConclusionIn conclusion, Bank is one of the example of Financial Institution and very important in economy. It can be seen that people need a bank to s ave their wealth. Even a country also need bank to control the economy and financial growth in the country. The Function of a bank in the country is to ensure the safety and soundness of banks, maintain the efficiency financial structure and financial system, maintain financial balance or stability and secure costumer from abuses. Without a bank economic and financial state will have chaos. Although, there is a country that can survive even though there are no central bank.But in the end they also encountered financial problems and economic growth in the country. May be out of sight of customers, the bank simply save and lend money. But when we look deeper into the role of a bank, they are helping in the development of the economy of a country. Differences of bank type will impact to the usage and function of a bank. References RudoChengeta. 2009. Inportance of bank in an Economy. slideshare. net/RChengeta/importance-of-banks-in-an-economy (Accessed August 18, 2012) Howard F. Pitki n. 2012. Bank and our Economy. ct. ov/dob/cwp/view. asp? a=2235amp;q=297884 (Accessed August 18, 2012) Franklin Allen and Elena Carletti. 2008. The roles of Banks in Financial System. http://fic. wharton. upenn. edu/fic/papers/08/0819. pdf(Accessed August 18, 2012) What are the Important roles played by Central Bank in Developing countries. preservearticles. com/201012291869/role-of-central-bank-in-developing-countries. html(Accessed August 19, 2012) David Saied. 2007. Panama has no Central Bank. http://mises. org/daily/2533(Accessed August 17, 2012) Kathryn Zipfel. What is the importance of the

Exam critically the role of the servicesape in manipuating customer's Essay

Exam critically the role of the servicesape in manipuating customer's decision making approach and avoidance behaviours - Essay Example Service could also be totally intangible like the cellular phone services. Servicescape refers to the style and appearance of the physical surroundings where the customers and the service provider interact. In the increasingly competitive environment companies have been challenged to augment their core services with value-added benefits which would help them to sustain competitive advantage. The outcome of service experience is evaluated not merely in terms of utility but also from an experiential perspective. For instance gourmet food can be made available at sporting events. Thus emphasis is given on managing the service firm’s physical facility. All these value-added service help to enhance revenue and hence servicescape has become a focal point in the delivery of customer delight. This paper will critically examine the role of the servicescape in manipulating customers decision making approach and avoidance behaviors in all three types of distribution channels. The physical environment is an important determinant of consumer perceptions and future behaviors. This makes it important to understand how the physical environment leads to consumer outcome behaviors. The role of physical environment is that it should attract attention. The servicescape acts as a package and the first impression is created which influences the customer what to expect inside the place of purchase. Compared to competition, the servicescape should stand out. In the case of Disneyworld it acts as a differentiator. The physical environment should also be able to create and deliver a message. Hotels use symbolic cues to communicate with customers about quality and the nature of service. It acts as a facilitator as a well-designed facility can make the experience pleasurable for the customer. Thirdly, the physical environment should create an impact through its dà ©cor and landscaping, through

Database Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Database - Coursework Example This allows or revokes access to the database for authorized users only. It also restricts on the actions that authorized users are allowed to perform on the database. This is the main method of securing data in a database. Access to the database mostly requires correct username and a password which is assigned by the database administrator. The database administrator identifies legitimate users of the database and assigns each a passwords that they use to directly or indirectly access the database for manipulation, retrieval or updating of the data. The second issue that is concerned with database security is database vulnerabilities. Threats from a variety of sources such as internet and users should be identified and minimized to reduce the chances of the database security being breached. This could be done through use of firewalls to manage the network traffic in the organization and also, through controlled access to the database for the users. Updates and patches to the databas e management system should be routinely done to help enhance the security of the database. The database administrator should be updated on the current trends of security so that he/she can mend the database where such vulnerabilities occur. The third aspect on database security is auditing. ... For instance, in the case of Happy Homes Ltd, applications could be used to record the sales of houses. This and many others are potential sources of database threats as they may leave vulnerabilities in the database. The database administrator should be in a position to determine the permissions of the applications so that he/she can regulate them (Alfred Basta, 2011). Distributed Database Management System This database system connects a variety of databases in various regions over a network and operates in a way that the users are not aware of the distributed databases. In the case of Happy Homes Ltd, the databases could be located in various regions and then have a central server that synchronizes the operations of the whole system. Each region’s database handles information related to that region and when there is need, it shares its resources with other database system s in other regions. A sample diagram for the Happy Homes Ltd could be defined as: In each region, a ser ver helps in the management of the regional system. It also helps in communication among the various regional offices and to the main server. Data is stored in the database at a given region. A backup copy of these data is stored in the main database system at the organization headquarters. Storage of data in these areas helps in easier and quicker access to the data. Centralizing the data in one area reduces the system performance as compared to distributed system. Maintenance and administration of the distributed system is also easy as it can be done as per region. This makes it easier for database administrators since incase repairs are going on in one area other regions are not affected by the repairs. Troubleshooting and handling