Hurricanes Essay -- Natural Disasters Storms essays papers

INTRODUCTION The term â€Å"hurricane† is a name given to violent storms that originate over the tropical or subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or North Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes need warm tropical oceans, moisture and light winds above them in order to maintain themselves active. Those storms other than the ones considered typhoons are known as tropical cyclones, which is the general name for all such storms including hurricanes and typhoons. Hurricanes are named based on certain aspects and location of where they first originate. With just the right conditions lasting long enough, a hurricane can cause violent winds, incredible waves crashing against shorelines, torrential rains and floods that produce great damage to properties and human life. HOW HURRICANES FORM Tropical cyclones form and grow in warm ocean water as a collection of storms in the tropic, receiving their energy from latent heat. Hurricanes and other tropical cyclones begin as clusters of showers and thunderstorms. When one of these showers becomes organized with its winds making a complete circle around the center, a tropical depression is formed. â€Å"The deepening low-pressure center takes in moist air and thermal energy from the ocean while simultaneously the high pressure higher in the atmosphere pushes it outward† ( Longshore 1). As the clouds turn into a tight curl, the depression becomes a tropical storm. Due to low central pressure air spiraling cyclonically, the diameter of what is known as the â€Å"eye† of the hurricane is anywhere from ten to twenty miles. Hurricanes and tropical cyclones form, maintain their strength, and grow only when they are over ocean water that is approximately 27 °C (80 °F). This type of warmth causes large amounts of wat er to evaporate, making the air very humid. Since water is slow to warm up and cool down, oceans do not become warm enough for tropical cyclones to occur in the spring. When hurricanes start to get weak and die out as they move over colder water or land, they can still remain dangerous as they slow down and weaken CHARACTERISTICS OF HURRICANES Hurricane-force winds coming from a large, strong storm may be felt over an area with a diameter of more than 60 miles. The diameter of the area affected by gale winds and torrential rain can extend another 120 miles outward from the eye of the storm. The diameter of... ...agement officials. CONCLUSION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes unfortunately occur between June 1st and November 30th with no human control over them. Hurricanes tend to form in warm, humid, and moist water and travel from east to west. To track such storms, the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale which determines the strength of a hurricanes’ winds and rain is used. It tends to be the most accurate. The National Hurricane Center is the main forecast center for storms that originate over the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the northeastern Pacific Ocean. In addition, The World Meteorological Organization’s Western Hemisphere Hurricane Committee selects hurricane names, using alternating men’s and women’s names in English, Spanish, and French in alphabetical order. The National Hurricane Center determines a hurricane watch if the storm could hit within 36 hours or less and advises everyone to stay indoors and off the streets as much possible. All in all, hurricanes a re not something to be proud off or be upset at because of the damages it causes, but just realize that it’s Mother Nature’s creation and nobody can control or stop a hurricane once it has created a path.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Operation Iraqi Freedom Essay

Since the start of â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom† on 20th of March 2003, the media coverage of this event in traditional and new media has been both intensive and pervasive. The issue of whether the war is justified and of whether Saddam Hussein had indeed violated the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 by possessing weapons of mass destruction has been debated in the lead up to the war. By the time the coalition troops moved into Iraqi in a war aimed at toppling the Saddam regime, viewers were unable to escape being bombarded by the onslaught of news and information coming through to them. Front pages of every major newspaper, as well as precious airtime on television and radio network in Sydney and beyond have been devoted to following this war. Even the Internet is awash with breaking news, discussion forums, and every other sort of information not available in the traditional media outlets. With such extensive reporting by all the different media, it is inevitable that the media bias would lead to vastly differing views in war coverage. This is because having so many people involved in this big media event would mean that the personal biases of the media owners as well as the editors and journalists would all affect the way that the news is conveyed. Each one of these media gatekeepers would be privately pro or anti-war, and this would inevitably come across to the public in the way that the news in being reported. For example, Peter Jennings, who is the news anchor of the American Broadcasting Corporation is well known for bringing on air his negative perspective about the war. According to Singleton, et al (2003: 361), with the exception of publicly funded Australian Broadcasting Corporation, most of the other media outlets â€Å"are privately owned and therefore subject in principle to the direction of the owners, directly or indirectly (through the law of anticipated reactions)†. Even with the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, the Australian media is dominated by only a few concentrated players, which would in turn affect how the media covers the war. John Schwartz, who is a Swinburne University media and communications senior lecturer commented â€Å"on the widely publicised statistic that all bar one of Rupert Murdoch’s 170-odd papers and the Fox network have a pro-war position, said [that] no doubt all his editors are noting Murdoch’s views, [and that] Fox is unbelievably bad†¦almost pure government line†. (cited in Seccombe 2003: 1). However, it is worth noting that even though the different news media locally might adopt a pro or anti-war stance, they would all still be adopting the same western perspective of the war. As Fandy (2003:1) says, the coverage of the war by Arab TV networks like Al-Jazeera and Abu Dhabi TV shows a vastly different perspective of the war, such that in comparison, viewers might think that a different war was being reported. This further illustrates the point that the coverage of the war is always reported in relation to the proximity of the issue at hand, creating some sort of double standards. For example, according to Frisk (2001: 489): † ‘Terrorism’ no longer means ‘terrorism. It is not a definition; it is a political contrivance. †Terrorists’ are those who use violence against the side that is using the word. To adopt the word means that we have taken a side in the Middle East, not between right and wrong, good and evil, David and Goliath, but with one side of combatants against another. For journalists in the Middle East, the use of the word ‘terrorism’ is akin to holding a gun†¦ its employment turns the reporter into a participant in the war.† Parenti (1986: 30) asserts that † the mass media actually are highly centralised outlets that proffer a remarkably homogenised fare†. The wide use of news wires like Associated Press and Reuters by all the major broadsheets in Australia means that the war coverage locally would be generically the same. Even if the local newspapers and television networks decide to send their own reporters to the Gulf to get a different perspectives, it would still be not make a difference, as they are all covering the same press conferences given by Central Command. They are also subjected to pool arrangements at certain times, when only selected journalists and cameramen would be allowed to take footages in the field due to logistical constraints. This means that much of the western world would be viewing the same footages on television no matter which network station a viewer was watching the news on. Advances in technology such as the satellite makes it possible technically for â€Å"the live presentation of [the war in the Gulf] to the rest of the world (Wood 1967: 27). The relatively new feature of war reporting, which involves embedding journalists and cameramen with coalition troops also mean that the war has turned into some kind of reality show for viewers who turn on the television. Viewers can now get live feed from the battlefield, and benefit from the first-hand exclusives and war perspectives from the embedded reporters and cameramen who travel with the army regiments and military units. However, this new aspect of war journalism is not without its drawbacks. While viewers do get immediate breaking news coverage, such technological advances have its downsides as well. The immediate streaming of live feeds to TV stations means that viewers are subject to the speculations of the reporters who are stationed in the Gulf before any official confirmation of the news can be received. For example, there was an instance when, according to Pros and Cons of Embedded Journalism (2003: 1): â€Å"embedded correspondents for several news organisations reported seeing a convoy of up to 120 Iraqi tanks leaving the southern city of Basra, and most news outlets reported a large troop movement. The next day, a spokesman for the British military said the massive movement was really just 14 tanks.† Viewers can also get a distorted view of the war, as it is virtually impossible for the journalists to report the news with in a truly objective and impartial light when they are stationed within the battalions, experiencing camaraderie with the troops and the savouring the excitement of being in the frontline in the midst of all the action. â€Å"Objectivity was to include a strict adherence to facts, a healthy scepticism of institutions, and a need to link facts together to form a larger picture of [the war]† (Willis 1991: 60). As gatekeepers, the media thus shows a constructed, and mostly distorted version of what is reality. In fact, as Howard Kurtz, a journalist with The Washington Post puts it, they â€Å"have been taking considerable flak for overly sympathetic reporting, dismissed by some by some part of the military propaganda machine† (cited in Tee 2003: 2). According to Williams (1999: 4), propaganda disseminated during wartime â€Å"is based around short- to medium term objectives†¦ to celebrate actual achievement or hide embarrassments†¦to invoke national pride, create a feeling of righteousness and incite hatred for the enemy† . Hence, it is not surprising the media bias and perceptions do play a part in the ensuring the scope and accuracy of the war coverage. Even â€Å"the [publicly funded] ABC is shaping its products to fit its perceived audience, and this is not a perspective which is value-neutral† (Lumby 1999: 41). Since there are so many different media sources competing for the viewer’s attention, media owners might also want their reporters to sensationalise their coverage to stand out from the competition. Much of what is deemed to be newsworthy is often centered on â€Å"the government’s mistakes, on sensation and crisis† (Singleton, et al 2003: 360). As Moeller (1999: 34) puts it, â€Å"Media moguls have long known that suffering, rather than good news, sells†. Viewers are not interested in the mundane daily news; they would rather watch something extraordinary or thrilling. However, no matter how bias the media coverage is, it might not actually have much of an effect on the viewers who have already made up their minds about the war. This is because, according to the cognitive dissonance theory, â€Å"we have, built into the workings of our mind, a mechanism that creates an uncomfortable feeling of dissonance, or lack of harmony, when we become aware of some inconsistency among the various attitudes, beliefs, and items of knowledge that constitute our mental store† (Gray 2002: 520). These individuals are likely to be their own media gatekeepers, filtering out information that might cause them to doubt their own current view, and looking out only for information that would reinforce it. Although the media might not explicitly tell the public what to think, it manages to get them thinking about the war in general and the various issues involved, via the agenda-setting function of the media that the public has been subjected to. According to Roscoe et al (cited in Agenda Setting – Setting the Terms of Reference 2000:1): â€Å"Rather than seeing the media as telling the viewer what to think, television presentations can be seen as â€Å"setting the agenda† in terms of how and which issues should be discussed†¦ television presentations frame the events in such a way as to promote particular accounts as being the legitimate and valid, while other accounts are excluded and marginalised. By doing so, the parameters within which the debate can be conducted are set out†¦the media can be seen as having the power to frame the debate by promoting the legitimacy of certain representations and accounts†¦viewers are active but within the parameters set by the text.† According to Ward (2002: 405), the micro-level equivalent to this function would be that of agenda-priming, where â€Å"individuals make judgments about issues based on information immediately on hand and from easily retrieved memories†. The constant coverage of the war in all the different news mediums means that viewers would believe that the war is an important issue, worthy of thought and discussion. While news from the traditional forms of media like television, radio and newspapers may be limited by time and space constraints, as well as being highly selective and bias, the emergence of the Internet has made it possible for people to garner information about the war from all angles. This development of technology makes it possible for viewers to get a balanced view of the war through alternate sources from the Internet in the comfort of their homes, â€Å"particularly in Australia, where computer ownership and Internet access is becoming widespread† (Singleton et al 2003: 369). The public can now choose to educate themselves by getting both sides of the story, from both the western media, as well as the angle taken by the Gulf media. † Nevertheless, quality coverage and a challenge to political agenda setting will depend on the use of insights from both the domestic and foreign environments to extend the parameters of news coverage, commentary and debate in the Australian media† (Payne 2000: 167). According to investigative journalist John Pilger, (in Propaganda Wars 2003:3), â€Å"the quality of the debate is very high among the public†¦turn to the letters page or †¦listen to people in their homes and shops†. Instead of taking an apathetic attitude towards this Gulf War, the public has taken a more pro-active stand by organising peace rallies as well as setting up various charities and donations for post-war Iraq. Hence, even though there is some form of media bias present in the pervasive coverage of the war in all forms of media locally, it has nevertheless contributed to the â€Å"reasoned debate†, and not public hysteria over the war. References Agenda Setting – Setting the Terms of Reference, [Online], 6 February 2000 – last Update, Available: http://wwww.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/ media/setterms.html [ 6 May 2003]. Fandy, M. 2003, ‘Perceptions where Al-Jazeera & Co. are coming from’, The Washington Post, March 30 B01, viewed 4 April 2003, LexisNexis All News. Frisk, R. 2001, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Gray, P. 2002, Psychology, 4th rev. ed., New York: Worth Publishers. Lumby, C. 1999, Gotcha: Life in a Tabloid World, St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. Moeller, S. D. 1999, Compassion Fatigue: How the Media sell Disease, Famine, War and Death, New York: Routledge. Parenti, M. 1986, Inventing Reality: The politics of the mass media, New York: St Martin’s Press. Payne, P. 2000, ‘Coverage of Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War’ in Foreign devils and other journalists, eds D. Kingsbury, E. Loo & P. Payne, Clayton: Monash Asia Institute. Propaganda Wars (radio program), 30 January 2003. The Media Report, ABC Radio International, Presenter M. O’Reagan. Pros and Cons of Embedded Journalism. [Online]. 27 March 2003 – last update. Available: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june03/embed_3- 27_printout.html [6 May 2003]. Seccombe, M 2003, ‘Propaganda Games Give a Distorted View of Reality’, Sydney Morning Herald, 26 March, Available: www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/25/1048354604340.html [2 April 2003]. Singleton, Aitkin, Jinks & Warhurst 2003, Australian Political Institutions, 6th rev. ed., Melbourne: Longman. Tee, H. C. 2003, ‘ War – The ‘Ultimate Reality Show’, The Straits Times, 7 April, Available: http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/life/story/0,4386181610,00.html [8 April 2003]. Ward, I. 2002, ‘Media Power’ In Government, Politics and Power in Australia, eds. J Summers, D. Woodward & A. Parkin, Melbourne, Longman. Williams, J. F. 1999, Anzacs, the Media and the Great War, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Willis, J. 1991, The Shadow World: Life between the News Media and Reality, New York: Praeger. Wood, W. A. 1967, Electronic Journalism., New York & London: Columbia

Narrative Essay - Original Writing - 866 Words

The soft carpet rubbed against my cool feet as I entered my bedroom. In the darkness, I reached for the wall, in search of the light switch. I walked towards my desk and gathered some papers, bent over and placed them into my backpack. Yawning, I zipped up my backpack and placed it beside my door. I turned off my light, closed the door, and leapt onto my bed. I buried myself under the ice cold blankets wondering what tomorrow would have in store. As I was about to fall asleep, I heard a faint noise that resembled a sound similar to weeping. I sat up, unsure whether someone was crying or not. As the sound became more clear, I recognized that the cry was coming from my sister, Christine. Anxious to know what was happening I tip-toed to my door and tried to listen in on a conversation downstairs. I could hear the voices of my mom and dad. Although I could not make out every word, I was certain I had heard the words â€Å"hospital† and â€Å"hurry.† My heart began to race, my hands grew cold and numb, my vision was blurred. Panicked, I jumped back into bed. I could feel the formation of sweat all over my body. My frigid room soon felt like a sauna. Unable to close my eyes, I jumped out of my bed, ran out of my room and sat on top of the stairs. I could feel my heart pounding all across my body. I felt a sensation flow through my body that I had never felt before or could even describe. As I sat on the t op of the stairs, I watched as my mom put a coat onto Christine, whoShow MoreRelatedNarrative Essay - Original Writing1733 Words   |  7 Pages When I had laid the last of the bricks I took a step back to admire my handy work. Still silent in the catacombs, I knew I should be leaving before Fortunato awakes. I began my journey through the endless tunnels of corpses and adorning tombs. 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Ugly Truth Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby Essay

The Ugly Truth of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby â€Å"The American Dream has become a death sentence of drudgery, consumerism, and fatalism: a garage sale where the best of the human spirit is bartered away for comfort, obedience and trinkets. Its unequivocally absurd.† -Zoltan Istvan. The American dream was an ideal held by many hopeful and ignorant people who tried to see the best in the world. But like everything else, a lie doesn’t last forever. Hope eventually dies and the world becomes colder. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, the character Jay Gatsby is the hopeful one, and his death represents the death of hope. The character of Jay Gatsby shows the life and death of the American lie. The character of Jay Gatsby is the perfect†¦show more content†¦This goal is very similar to the American Dream in that it grew and spread like wildfire until that was the only thing that people worked for. But in the end, Americans found out, just like Gatsby, that the American Dream was a lie. The way that Fitzgerald depicts the American Dream is as something people hope for and try to achieve. Through his methodical writing he shows the birth and life of the American dream through Gatsby as he tries to achieve his ambition of getting the love and affection from Daisy that he desperately hopes for. Gatsby, â€Å"wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: â€Å"I never loved you.†Ã¢â‚¬ (109) To highlight the tragedy of hoping for happiness, he shows Gatsby start to succeed and have things go his way.He fires his servants and tells NIck that he did not want them to gossip because â€Å"Daisy comes over quite often---in the afternoons.† (Fitzgerald Johnson 3 114) Then out of nowhere life threw a curveball at Gatsby and he got into a tough situation that ultimately killed him because of his belief in hope, love and second chances. The character of Jay Gatsby was F. Scott Fitzgerald’s human form of the American Dream. By writing the book the way he did he shows that no matter how hard people try, life does not allow people to have a happy ending like the one portrayed in the American Dream. The death of the dream shocked everyone inShow MoreRelatedSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 PagesP age |1 Top 30 Examples to Use as SAT Essay Evidence An exclusive special report from eSATPrepTips.com By Christian Heath P age |2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Adventurers and Explorers: Amelia Earhart (Female Aviation Pioneer) ................................................................................................ 5 ChristopherRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we

The Elizabethan Era - 715 Words

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Watching plays was one of her many hobbies and she impacted plays heavily because she was a huge supporter. Social class was also greatly impacted during the Elizabethan time period. Commoners were the poor people who had to have the no high paying jobs, these commoners are the lowest of the social class. Noble people were the higher class or also called the wealthy these people were the people who had high paying jobs. One huge factor in this era was the reoccurring Black Plague. The Black Plague caused many deaths. This plague caused theatres to closeShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Era1461 Words   |  6 PagesWay way back long ago there was a time period called â€Å"The Elizabethan era†. It was full of many wonderful things, such as fashion. They had a very particular fashion. The Elizabethan era was the Queen Elizabeth Is reign which was from 1558–1603. It took place in England. It is also known as the golden age. 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In fact, Elizabethan tried to please people in the entertainment industry with different musicRead MorePerspectives Of Hamlet During The Elizabethan Era1604 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives of Hamlet during the Elizabethan Era By: Aanshi Gandhi One of the many beautiful aspects of art is that it gets perceived in many unique ways depending on the viewer’s cultural, political and social views and standpoints. Literature experiences different interpretations all the time and authors use this to their advantage to create a piece of work which remains evergreen. Shakespeare evidently utilises this technique in his most intriguing, and fascinating literary piece, Hamlet. Stuck

Chaucer on marriage Free Essays

Chaucer looks at male and female perspectives on marriage and shows the entire institution to be a farce, stereotyped by wealthy, flaccid old men and young, beautiful, deceitful wives. January, the old man in the merchant’s tale, says â€Å"wedlock is so easy and so cline† (1264), which is sarcastic as the merchant has already spoken out against marriage, and women in particular. Yet January’s motivations to get married are hardly pure, but more practical and shallow. We will write a custom essay sample on Chaucer on marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now For â€Å"sixty year a waffles man was heel and followed ay his bodily delete/ on women† (1248-50); after sixty years of fooling around with numerous women, he is ready to have a wife â€Å"on which he mighty engender hymn an heir† (1272). Rather than choosing a wife who is wise and loving and would care for him in his old age and sickness, he makes his decision as if he were choosing livestock, saying â€Å"l wool noon Old ‘. Nary Han†¦ / she shall Nat passe twenty year†¦ /and bet than old beef is the tender feel† (1416-20). What is ironic is that January sees this way of approaching marriage as pure because it was so normal and standard. The purity of marriage would come if it were based on love and mutual respect, but instead for most men it is about having an heir and a beautiful wife. January can’t see that he’s leaving himself vulnerable to a young wife that will be deceitful and seek pleasure from younger more attractive men, instead thinking he can â€Å"a young thing may men gee,/ right as men may warm hex with handed Pyle† (1429-30). In the wife’s tale, she shows that old men cannot actually mold their young wives into good, loving creatures. Although the wife of Bath â€Å"sits [she] twelve year was of age†¦ ‘ housebound at creche door [she has] had five† (4-6), she is no innocent. She manipulates and terrorizes her old husbands with her sexuality to gain money and control, until they are her â€Å"[detours] and†¦ [thralls]† (155). She ends up molding her old husbands to her will. For her a husband is a source of income, and she always sakes sure she has one lined up on the sidelines. She had her fifth husband ready to marry her by the time her â€Å"fourth housebound was on beer† (587), and she â€Å"wept but small’ (592), being already â€Å"purveyed of a make† (591). Even though the fifth husband that she takes is younger than her and she is now in the old man’s position, she is still able to control her young husband to a certain degree, although it is much harder. It seems like an innate ability that women have to control their cabanas because its more than a survival method, but a way to find pleasure despite being in a technically submissive role. But a true marriage shouldn’t be about control. This is what makes marriage such a Joke to Chaucer, and he is very cynical towards it. The tradition and sanctity of marriage means nothing because it is based on a foundation of lying and shallowness. Men and women conform to their stereotypes because of how society has shaped them and made marriage such a necessity. How to cite Chaucer on marriage, Papers

Natural Disasters In Developing Countries †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Why Are You Best-Placed To Address This Development Need? How Does The Concept Utilize Australian Expertise? How Does The Concept Complement Australian Foreign? Development And Trade Policies In The Relevant Country Or Region? Answers: Introducation Natural disasters have a very strong negative impact on the economy and in life of people. Every year, thousands of people die or get affected due to natural disasters in many corners of the world. These disasters cause direct and indirect losses. This is a very serious concern for the developing as well as for the develop countries (Dominey-Howes, Gorman-Murray McKinnon, 2014). The EOI focuses on reducing the impact of natural disasters on Philippines with the help of the disaster aid scheme by the Australian government. To reduce the impact of natural disasters, the first thing to be done is to understand the range of devastation caused by these disasters. These cause adverse long term consequences for the economic growth and development in a country. Hence, actions should be taken to assess the potential damages and effective disaster management, so that the effects on mankind can be reduced (Smith, 2013). The Scheme priorities are to make a strong regional collaboration, strengthen the capability of the public sector in the developing countries, such as, Philippines, which is a natural disaster prone country, and improving the access to financial services. When a natural calamity occurs, every sector of the economy gets affected negatively, and the impact is more in the developing countries, like Philippines due to weaker economy. The disaster management aims to reduce the impact of natural disasters, which includes almost every sector of the economy of the affected country or region. For example, through hazard and risk management under the funding scheme, the collaboration of the regions occurs. As the funding comes, the public sector of the developing country can improve its quality of service for addressing the constraints. The aid also helps to support the financial sector of the country to develop(Stone, 2014). The main activities include the following things. Natural hazard and risk assessment and management, done on a priority basis. The governmental rules for suitable task management strategies for making financial plans for the next 8-10 years will be followed. For effective disaster risk management, quality and reliable scientific information is extremely important. Hence, global and regional research and the information systems should be supported to collect data and analyze them accurately for forecasting (Filatova, 2014). The proposed outcomes are the efficient management of the damage from disasters. The risk management would be integrated in long term national investment policies and development strategies and those will be reflected in allocation of the financial resources. Through the long term financial plan, the basis for the funding would be broadened, and various combinations of mechanisms would be applied at different levels of loss coverage for overcoming the hurdles for increased insurance coverage and capital market tools and equipment (Melo Zurita et al., 2015). When these activities would go ahead, the difference would be visible in infrastructure, information systems, and economic development. However, the difference would be best visible if a disaster happens in future. How much the country has prepared itself for the natural disaster with the help of the aid can only be tested accurately if another disaster happens. The counterparts and implementation partners in these activities would be the infrastructural development companies under the Philippines government and some private sector companies. Contracts need to be made with these companies for undertaking the developmental activities. Development need to be addressed Resettlement post disaster is a very difficult process, for development after any natural disaster, there has to be recovery assessment report. The report would focus on the areas that would require development. The development needs largely depends upon the type of natural disaster. Some of the measures taken for resettlement are same while other areas of development differ. Practically in all the natural disasters the infrastructure are required to be developed. Post natural disasters, be it earthquakes, tsunamis or floods, the damage to the infrastructure is caused (Stone, 2014). Causalities Management- There are a number of causalities that are being caused by the disasters, these causalities require immediate attention, the injured people are required to be provided medical assistance. This is the very first step that is required to be taken care, because some of the causalities conditions are very critical and lack of medical assistance might lead to further health concerns, which might be fatal. Health related development- Apart from the causalities management there are number of other activities that are required to be done, at times there are cases that disasters causes outbreak of certain infectious diseases which not taken care would result in risking the health and safety of other people as well. The victims with less severe causalities are required to be given vaccines and medicines so that they get resistance from other more severe diseases (Filatova, 2014). Food and other basic necessities- Post disaster, the victims needs to be given food and water supplies and other necessary items like clothes, blankets and medicines for the victims. Infrastructure development needs- Post disaster there is disruption of the normal lives of people, after the assessment of the damages, certain steps for infrastructure development is done. The roads, buildings, communication networks, like phone and mobile towers are affected, public places, the modes of conveyance are also affected. In this step of development scheme in order to start the resettlement, quick actions are to taken for construction of damaged roads and public places. The disrupted networks are to be reconstructed so that communicating becomes easier (Blaikie et al., 2014). Resettlement- Since after disasters the lives of the people are not like it had been before, there are huge damages that are caused to the wealth and personal belongings of the people, for them starting their normal lives would require funds. Compensation and the damage costs are to be provided to the victims so that they can start their lives like before. In developing countries like Philippines where Agriculture is the chief occupation, the sad part is that agricultural lands are very much affected by disasters like floods, famines and tsunamis and plantations are destroyed by disasters like cyclones. The people are required to be provided employment so that they can start their lives like before (Klomp, 2016). Development of disaster management team- The disaster management team are required to be trained properly so that in future they can respond to this type of crisis situations in a better and efficient manner, natural disasters cannot be predicted and can also not be prevented so people are required to be prepared for it before hand (Deuchert Felfe, 2015). As a consultant, I think my expertise, experience and knowledge in this particular area makes me eligible for being the consultant on this particular issue. As a consultant, I have provided suggestions to various other organizations who volunteer for disaster management post disasters. The recommendations have always been effective and all the areas of development are generally covered in this particular topic. My experience in this field gave e knowledge to be an expert for providing expert advises, moreover my organization is an expert organization when it comes to providing assistance in such situations. We have collaborations with some of the finest research teams in Australia that provides reports in this particular context, which help us provide best consultation on scenarios based on the type of disaster and the nature of calamities. After working in this area for almost ten years, I have known the detailed concepts of disaster management and its aftermath. I have previously p rovided my consultation to countries like Japan, Malaysia and Indonesia. My consultations in those countries have been very effective and since then many other organizations have consulted our firm so that appropriate measures can be taken in this context of disasters (Neumayer, Plmper Barthel, 2014). A lot of factors are considered while making a development scheme or plan for countries like Philippines, which is a developing country and where disasters affect the lively hood of the people to great extent. Floods and famines completely destroy the infrastructure and agriculture which is the main profession of people in that country. Therefore, it is very important that the resettlement and development plan be made as early as possible so that the people start to live like before. Our firm provides the best guidance in this reference. Apart from that we have tie-ups with therapists who provide counseling sessions for the victims so that they can start their lives like before. The aftermath of disasters leaves a long-lasting impact on the minds of survivors so this particular service is provided to the countries as a token of help from our organization as we do not consider this as business rather our moral and ethical responsibility to help the disaster-hit countries (Takahashi, T andoc Carmichael, 2015). Australia is considered as developed economies and has sufficient resources, both financial and human. This resources and capabilities can be utilized in assisting the people of any other developing country. The location of Australia is also very favorable in terms providing assistance to Philippines, the assistance can be provided through airways. The skilled human capital of Australia can be provided to the country to provide physical assistance in case of disasters. The cordial relationship of Australia and Philippines forms a very logical ground for providing assistance to the country. The disaster management tea of Australia is very effective as it can act effectively during the times of disasters. There are many skilled people whose capabilities can be used for managing the disasters. The technologies used in Australia are quite advanced and it can be used for providing assistance in such situations (Childfund.org, 2014). Australia Philippines relationship dates back to 1946, when Australia opened a Consulate of General in Manila. The countries are engaged in bilateral relation and comprehensive partnership. Australia has a strong foreign and trade policy for Philippines and along with the comprehensive partnership, the relationship has become more strong over the 70 years. The increasing people-to-people link, assistance for developing the sustainable growth, investment and trade for expanding the economic ties, and in other sectors. ASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) supports the trade relationship with Philippines (Philippines.embassy.gov.au, 2017). The trade volume has been increasing over the years. The level of migration, investment and aids from Australia has increased significantly in the past decade. Australia provided $10 million aid to Philippines in 2013 after the disaster of Typhoon Haiyan happened (ABC News, 2013). In this scenario, the government funding scheme f or natural disaster management would be welcomed by Philippines. Australia has invested AUD 9.6 billion in 2014 in Philippines, while the total Philippine investment in Australia was AUD 600 million. More than 200 Australian firms have opened their business in Philippines and have generated employment of over 30,000 Filipino people (Amador, 2017). When a natural disaster hits Philippines, these Australian companies would also suffer along with the Filipino industries. Hence, the Australian government should increase the funding towards natural disaster management in Philippines. This would not only benefit the economic sector, but would have a long term effect on the lives of people. The economy includes education sector, health sector, financial sector, industries, manufacturing, services, and travel and tourism sectors. The funding scheme must include developmental conditions for all these sectors, because, these are regulatory forces of the lives of people in a country. Apart fro m the funding from the Australian government, many private investors are welcome to come forward for providing relief funds in Philippines. The private and public collaboration in funding would be more helpful, as this would enable the organizations to focus on specific sectors. Thus, the allocation of funds and its utilization would be more efficient (Benson Clay, 2012). The involvement of other donor organizations will increase the amount of total aid from Australia to Philippines. This would not only improve the trade and investment relationships between the two countries, but will also improve the quality of life of the Filipino people even after any disaster happens. If the public and private sector organizations provide conditional grant, meant to be utilized in a particular sector, such as health, education or infrastructure, the efficient allocation of funds would bring more effective outcome in terms of development. This helps in overall improvement of the disaster affected region. Thus, with liberal trade and investment policies and strong economic relations, the grant in aid scheme of the Australian government for the natural disaster prone Philippines would be beneficial for the developing economy of Philippines (Redcross.org.au, 2015). References ABC News. (2013).Australia pledges $10m for Philippines in wake of Typhoon Haiyan.ABC News. Retrieved 10 September 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-11/global-aid-response-typhoon-haiyan-australia-red-cross/5082024 Amador, J. (2017).Implications of the Philippines-Australia Comprehensive Partnership.Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies (CIRSS). Retrieved 10 September 2017, from https://www.fsi.gov.ph/implications-of-the-philippines-australia-comprehensive-partnership/ Benson, C., Clay, E. (2012).Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters: an Assessment of Their Effects and Options for Mitigation.ODI - Shaping policy for development. Retrieved 10 September 2017, from https://www.odi.org/publications/5011-economic-and-financial-impacts-natural-disasters-assessment-their-effects-and-options-mitigation. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., Wisner, B. (2014).At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Childfund.org. (2014).The Effects of Natural Disasters.Childfund.org. Retrieved 10 September 2017, from https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147489272/ Deuchert, E., Felfe, C. (2015). The tempest: Short-and long-term consequences of a natural disaster for children? s development.European Economic Review,80, 280-294. Dominey-Howes, D., Gorman-Murray, A., McKinnon, S. (2014). Queering disasters: On the need to account for LGBTI experiences in natural disaster contexts.Gender, Place Culture,21(7), 905-918. Filatova, T. (2014). Market-based instruments for flood risk management: a review of theory, practice and perspectives for climate adaptation policy.Environmental science policy,37, 227-242. Klomp, J. (2016). Economic development and natural disasters: A satellite data analysis.Global Environmental Change,36, 67-88. Melo Zurita, M. D. L., Cook, B., Harms, L., March, A. (2015). Towards new disaster governance: Subsidiarity as a critical tool.Environmental Policy and Governance,25(6), 386-398. Neumayer, E., Plmper, T., Barthel, F. (2014). The political economy of natural disaster damage.Global Environmental Change,24, 8-19. Philippines.embassy.gov.au.(2017).Australia-Philippines relationship. Philippines.embassy.gov.au. Retrieved 10 September 2017, from https://philippines.embassy.gov.au/mnla/relations.html Redcross.org.au. (2015).World Disasters Report 2015 | Australian Red Cross.Redcross.org.au. Retrieved 10 September 2017, from https://www.redcross.org.au/world-disasters-report-2015.aspx Smith, K. (2013).Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster. Routledge. Stone, R. C. (2014). Constructing a framework for national drought policy: The way forwardThe way Australia developed and implemented the national drought policy.Weather and Climate Extremes,3, 117-125. Takahashi, B., Tandoc, E. C., Carmichael, C. (2015). Communicating on Twitter during a disaster: An analysis of tweets during Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines.Computers in Human Behavior,50, 392-398.